Tear and tensile strength

FOGGING TEST IN THE
AUTOMOBILE INTERIOR

The fogging test is an essential test for materials used in vehicle interiors. It ensures that your components do not release unwanted volatile substances that could deposit on windows or other surfaces. The fogging test is an essential test for determining the outgassing of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from materials in the vehicle interior. It ensures that emissions, which can appear as fog or mist on cold surfaces such as windscreens, are minimized to ensure driver visibility and safety. These deposits can not only impair visibility, but also reduce the perceived quality and comfort in the vehicle.

FOCUS ON THE MECHANICAL RESILIENCE OF TEXTILES

The tear and tensile strength of textiles is a decisive quality factor in the automotive industry. Precise tests are carried out to ensure the durability and safety of materials. Standardized test methods such as maximum tensile force, tear propagation force, static elongation, separation force, seam slippage strength and seam fatigue are used. These tests provide important insights into the mechanical properties of textiles and their behavior under load - essential for the highest standards of quality and reliability.

Maximum tensile force / elongation

Tensile strength tests, for example in accordance with DIN EN ISO 13934-1, also use standardized samples that are loaded axially. The test measures the maximum force required to tear the material. In addition, the elongation until breakage is often recorded in order to draw further conclusions about the behavior of the material.

Tear propagation force

The tear propagation resistance test in accordance with DIN 13937-2 refers to the determination of the resistance of textiles to tear propagation. A sample that has been pre-damaged with a defined cut is clamped in the testing device. A tensile force is then applied to this cut (or the defined pre-damage) and it is tested how much force must be applied for the sample to tear further.

Static or permanent elongation

The test in accordance with DIN EN 15977 relates to the static and permanent elongation of materials. The specimens are subjected to a defined, static tensile load.The elongation (extension) of the material under this load is measured. The load is removed again after a defined time under load. The remaining deformation (permanent elongation) of the samples is then determined after a defined relaxation phase. This indicates how much of the original shape of the material has been lost after the load has been removed.

Separating force

Testing the release force of textiles in accordance with DIN EN ISO 2411 is a method for determining the resistance of fabrics to tensile loads. This standard specifies how the release force is measured when tensile forces are applied to textile materials in order to assess their quality and durability. As part of the test, a defined sample is taken and fixed between two clamps. A tensile force is then applied until the material tears or separates. The results provide valuable information about the mechanical properties of the textile and its suitability for various applications.

Seam slippage resistance

The seam slippage resistance test in accordance with DIN EN ISO 13935-1is used to evaluate the resistance of seams to being pulled apart (slippage). A defined test seam is introduced into the textile sample by our sample preparation, i.e. an artificially defined production seam is recreated according to OEM specifications. The sampleisthen fixed in a testing device that appliesthe corresponding tensile forces to theseam .The setup ensures that the forces act on the seam in a uniform and controlled manner until the seam breaks or slides.

Seam fatigue

Seam fatigue testing, also known as seam fatigue, refers in our case to the testing of various textiles , including leather or artificial leather. It simulates the stress on the seams that can occur during use. The test involves repeated tensile and compressive loads to determine how well the seams withstand the mechanical stress without tearing or loosening . The opening of the seam holes is then evaluated .

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FAQ

Frequently asked questions about the fogging test

What is the fogging test? The fogging test measures the release of volatile substances from materials that can deposit on surfaces such as windows.

How long does a fogging test take? As a rule, you will receive the results within a few days, depending on the complexity of the materials.

What do I do if the exam is negative? We offer you comprehensive advice and recommendations to take appropriate measures and find alternative materials.

What sample quantities are required for a fogging test?

The sample quantities required for a fogging test depend on the standard and the test method used. Here are the general guidelines:

1. standard DIN 75201 (type A and type B)

Type A (glass plate method):
A sample quantity of 10 cm² is typically required. The sample is placed on a heated plate in a sealed chamber and the volatiles released condense on a glass plate above.
Type B (aluminum foil method):
Similar to type A, a sample volume of approximately 10 cm² is used. However, the volatile substances condense on a cooled aluminum foil.

2. standard ISO 6452 (international standard)

Sample quantity:
Again, a sample size of about 10 cm² is typically required to evaluate the amount of volatiles released at elevated temperature.

3. other specific requirements

Depending on the specific requirements of the customer or OEM standards, sample quantities may vary. It is important to check the respective standards or test requirements carefully.

What is the difference between the reflectometric and gravimetric test method according to DIN 75201?

Method A - Reflectometric method:

Principle: This method measures the change in reflectivity on a glass plate on which volatile components from the material sample are deposited.
Procedure: A material sample is heated in a beaker while a glass plate above it is cooled to 21°C. The temperature difference causes the volatile components to condense on the glass plate. The reflectance index of the fogged glass plate is then measured to determine the amount of condensed material.
Application: This method is particularly suitable for materials for which an exact determination of the optical fog effect is required.

Method B - Gravimetric method:

Principle: This method measures the weight of condensed volatiles on an aluminum foil.
Procedure: The material sample is heated in a beaker while an aluminum foil disc is cooled to 21°C. After 16 hours, the amount of condensed material on the foil is weighed.
Application: This method is ideal for an accurate quantitative determination of the amount of condensed volatiles.

FAQ

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT HAPTICS AND COMFORT RATINGS

Why are haptics and comfort evaluated? In the automotive sector, both haptics and comfort are crucial for customer satisfaction. Customers expect a pleasant experience that is not only aesthetically pleasing, but also offers a pleasant feel and a high level of comfort, especially on longer journeys.

What test methods are available?

Visual inspection

Tactile tests

Comfort analyses

Long-term use tests

Do you have any further questions? Our experts will be happy to answer your questions about various laboratory tests. Please feel free to contact us here. We look forward to processing your inquiry and helping you further.

Fogging

FOGGING TEST IN THE
AUTOMOBILE INTERIOR

Typical test methods

Tear & tensile strength